Going immutable on macOS
Speaking of NixOS’ use of 9P, what if you want to, for whatever inexplicable reason, use macOS, but make it immutable? Immutable Linux distributions are getting a lot of attention lately, and similar concepts are used by Android and iOS, so it makes sense for people stuck on macOS to want similar functionality.
Fun fact: there’s Plan 9 in Windows and QEMU
If you’re only even remotely aware of the operating system Plan 9, you’ll most likely know that it takes the UNIX concept of “everything is a file” to the absolute extreme. In order to make sure all these files – and thus the components of Plan 9 – can properly communicate with one another, there’s 9P, or the Plan 9 Filesystem Protocol.
CSS grid tutorial

Alex Chan in The Good, the Bad, and the Gutters:

To help me understand how this layout works, I’m going to step through it and explain how I built the new version of the page.

You won't find a clearer and more understandable walkthrough of how to set up and style a CSS grid than this one from Alex. Making a note of their trick for fixed height for the cover images for my reading log which is crying out for exactly that.

Update: Inspired by Alex, I've updated the reading log CSS to use fixed height instead of fixed width. Looks much better!

Just the Browser: scripts to remove all the crap from your browser
Are you a normal person and thus sick of all the nonsensical, non-browser stuff browser makers keep adding to your browser, but for whatever reason you don’t want to or cannot switch to one of the forks of your browser of choice? Just the Browser helps you remove AI features, telemetry data reporting, sponsored content, product integrations, and other annoyances from desktop web browsers.
Haiku’s 6th beta is getting closer, but you really don’t need to wait if you want to try Haiku
Despite December being the holiday month, Haiku’s developers got a lot of things done. A welcome addition for those of us who regularly install Haiku on EFI systems is a tool in the installer that will copy the EFI loader to the EFI system partition, so fewer manual steps are needed on EFI systems.
Can you turn Windows 95’s Windows 3.10-based pre-install environment into a full desktop without using Microsoft products?
It’s no secret that the Windows 95 installer uses a heavily stripped-down Windows 3.10 runtime, but what can you actually do with it? How far can you take this runtime? Can it run Photoshop? It is a long-standing tradition for Microsoft to use a runtime copy of Windows as a part of Windows Setup.
Modern HTML features on text-based web browsers
They’re easily overlooked between all the Chrome and Safari violence, but there are still text-based web browsers, and people still use them. How do they handle the latest HTML features? While CSS is the star of the show when it comes to new features, HTML ain’t stale either.
The DEC PDP-10
The PDP-10 family of computers (under different names) was manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation between 1964 and 1983. Designed for time-sharing, batch and real-time systems, these computers were popular with universities, scientific companies and time-sharing bureaux.
You are not required to close your

,

  • , , or
    tags in HTML
  • Are you an author writing HTML? Just so we’re clear: Not XHTML. HTML. Without the X. If you are, repeat after me, because apparently this bears repeating (after the title): You are not required to close your <p>, <li>, <img>, or <br> tags in HTML.
    Mole mac cleaner

    Came across Mole: 🐹 Deep clean and optimize your Mac. today. It is an open source, command line based utility for cleaning your Mac.

    I generally don't install much, and try to be pretty diligent about keeping my Mac clean. Nevertheless, I was able to clear up a few gigabytes worth of junk that was lying around.

    Redesigning my microkernel from the ground up

    As you may recall, circa 2022-2023 I was working on a microkernel written in Hare named Helios. Helios was largely inspired by and modelled after the design of seL4 and was my first major foray into modern OS development that was serious enough to get to a somewhat useful state of functionality, with drives for some real hardware, filesystems, and an environment for running user programs of a reasonable level of sophistication.

    Helios development went strong for a while but eventually it slowed and eventually halted in a state of design hell.

    Windows Explorer likely to get Copilot “AI” sidebar
    We all knew this was going to happen, so let’s just get it over with. Microsoft is testing a new feature that integrates Copilot into the File Explorer, but it’s not going to be another ‘Ask Copilot’ button in the right-click menu.
    Phosh 2025 in retrospect
    Posh, GNOME’s mobile shell, published a look back on the project’s 2025. The Phosh developers focus from day one was to make devices running Phosh daily drivable without having to resort to any proprietary OSes as a fallback.
    Budgie 10.10 released
    Budgie has fallen a bit by the wayside in recent years, but it’s still in development and making steady progress. The project’s just released Budgie 10.10, the final release in the 10.x series which also marks the end of the transition to Wayland.
    OpenBSD on the Sharp Zaurus SL-C3100
    OpenBSD on a Sharp Zaurus Linux-based PDA from 2005? Of course, why not? Installing OpenBSD was easy. The instructions in INSTALL.zaurus are pretty straightforward. My 5.6 install was smooth. Installing sets took ~10-15 minutes.
    Everybody leaves

    Except me. I'll never leave. Not ever. I'm here until it's lights out.

    Windows? Onedrive? No thanks

    Rob Beschizza in Everyone hates OneDrive, Microsoft's cloud app that steals then deletes all your files for Boing Boing:

    If you want control over your files (or simply like knowing where they are and be certain they still exist) use another operating system.

    Sums up in a single sentence why I'll never again use Windows on a personal computer. The enshittification is unbelievably bad. Rob continues:

    And it's such a mess: an operating system packed with ads, upsells and bloat. Something about Microsoft reminds me of oil companies in the southwest: risky environment, externalized costs, nauseating conditions, cunning alignments of liability and safety, no-one cares if it works so long as money is made.

    GNU/Hurd gets dhcpcd port, further SMP improvements
    Since we entered a new year, we also entered a new quarter, and that means a new quarterly report from the Hurd, the project that aims to, to this day, developer a kernel for the GNU operating system. Over the course of the fourth quarter of 2025, an important undertaking has been to port dhcpcd to Hurd, which will ultimately bring IPv6 support to Hurd.
    MenuetOS 1.58.00 released
    MenuetOS, the operating system written in x86-64 assembly, released version 1.58.00. Since the last time we talked about MenuetOS, the included X server has been improved, networking performance has been increased, there’s now native versions of classic X utilities like XEyes, XCalc, and others, and more.
    The world is on fire, so let’s look at pretty Amiga desktops
    There’s so much shit going on in the world right now, and we can all use a breather. So, let’s join Carl Svensson and look at some pretty Amiga Workbench screenshots. Combining my love for screenshots with the love for the Amiga line of computers, I’ve decided to present a small, curated selection of noteworthy Amiga Workbenches – Workbench being the name of the Amiga’s desktop environment.
    Improving the Flatpak graphics drivers situation
    The solution the Flatpak team is looking into is to use virtualisation for the graphics driver, as the absolute last-resort option to keep things working when nothing else will. It’s a complex and interesting solution to a complex and interesting problem.
    Skiing across a lake

    Photo taken on an ice covered lake, where snow covered skiing track are shown under a blue, sunny sky.

    Winter finally started in earnest these last few days. Got out for my first cross country skiing session of the year today.

    Crossing an ice covered lake in an otherwise quiet landscape is eerie. The ice is constantly shifting, cracking and resettling, resulting in intermittently ominous sounds.

    File over app

    Steph Ango in File over app:

    File over app is a philosophy: if you want to create digital artifacts that last, they must be files you can control, in formats that are easy to retrieve and read. Use tools that give you this freedom.

    This philosophy is what I hinted at in footnote 9 in my recent post about my current tech stack.

    Storing data in open and accessible file formats is the way to go. It minimises lock-in and gives you great portability and freedom of choice.

    Buying socks

    Socks have always been a problem for me. I remember my mother, back when I was a kid, lamenting that I wrecked my socks too quickly. And this has remained a problem all through my life. I don't know the cause. Perhaps I drag my feet when I walk. Maybe I mess around and slide slide too much, even as a middle aged man. All I know is that when I buy two ten packs of regular cotton socks, holes start appearing a month or two later.

    As a forty year old man of means1 I've decided that enough is enough. No longer will I suffer the discomfort of walking around with holes in my socks. Instead, I will approach this problem methodically, with a twofold aim:

    In my advanced age, I've come to prefer wool over cotton in many cases. After embarking on an exhaustive study of sock durability, I seem to be in luck. Wool blend socks appear, in general, to be more durable than cotton socks. Further, my extensive research efforts led me towards two particular brands2:

    There seems to be a loose consensus in sock durability awareness communities that these two brands offer the most value of any socks on the market. Well, I'll find out.

    My first experiment will be pitching Smartwool's Everyday Anchor Line Crew Socks against a Norwegian market generic brand wool-blend sock.3

    Now, I fully expect the Smartwool socks to outlast its opponent. But, the thing is, they also cost five times as much. For the price of three pairs of Smartwool socks, I bought fifteen pairs of the generic brand wool-blend socks. Fifteen!

    I've therefore devised the following experiment:

    Will the three pairs of Smartwool socks outlast fifteen pairs of the generic brand wool socks? I have my doubts, but I will let you know. Naturally, I will also award extra points for comfort, if one or the other stands out in that regard. Like and subscribe to make sure you don't miss the results!4

    The second phase of this experiment will be pitching the winner against Darn Tough socks to determine the ultimate winner. Whoever it is, they will, in all likelihood, gain my patronage for the remainder of my life. Well, if I can find a way to purchase Darn Tough's more anonymous colourways here in Norway. I'm just a plain socks kinda guy.


    1. LOL! But I am financially secure to the extent that I am now ready to handle the sock problem once and for all. 

    2. I have no affiliation with any of these brands. 

    3. This online store is my place of employment, and it is where I bought these socks. 

    4. LOL! 

    Firefox on POWER9: the JIT of it
    Four years ago, I reviewed a truly fully open source desktop computer, from operating system down to firmware: the Raptor Blackbird, built entirely around IBM’s POWER9 processor. The overall conclusion was that using was mostly an entirely boring experience, which was a very good thing – usually ideologically-fueled computers come with a ton of downsides and limitations for average users, but Raptor’s POWER9 machines bucked this trend by presenting a bog-standard, run-of-the-mill desktop Linux experience, almost indistinguishable from using an x86 machine.
    Google takes next big leap in killing AOSP, significantly scales back AOSP contributions
    About half a year ago, I wrote an article about persistent rumours I’d heard from Android ROM projects that Google was intending to discontinue the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). AOSP has been gutted by Google over the years, with the company moving more and more parts of the operating system into closed-source, non-AOSP components, like Google Play Services.
    Redox gets basic Linux DRM support
    Since we moved to a new year, we also moved to a new month, and that means a new monthly report from Redox, the general purpose operating system written in Rust. The report obviously touches on the news we covered a few weeks ago that Redox now has the first tidbits of a modesetting driver for Intel hardware, but in addition to that, the project has also taken the first steps towards basic read-only APIs from Linux DRM, in order to use Linux graphics drivers.
    Gentoo looks back on a successful 2025
    Happy New Year 2026! Once again, a lot has happened in Gentoo over the past months. New developers, more binary packages, GnuPG alternatives support, Gentoo for WSL, improved Rust bootstrap, better NGINX packaging, … As always here we’re going to revisit all the exciting news from our favourite Linux distribution.
    Box64 0.4.0 released
    The new version brings a ton of new enhancements and fixes to all 3 supported platforms, with Steam running not only on Arm64, but also on RiSC-V and on Loongarch! And this is the Linux version of Steam, not the Windows one (but the Windows one works too if you really prefer that one).
    Instead of fixing Windows, Microsoft tells users how to do menial cleanup of junk files
    Ever noticed your computer acting sluggish or warning you about low storage? Temporary files could be the sneaky culprit. Windows creates these files while installing apps, loading web pages, or running updates.
    The late arrival of 16-bit CP/M
    The way the histories of CP/M, DOS, Microsoft, and the 8086 intertwine would be worthy of an amazing film if it wasn’t for the fact it would be very hard to make it interesting screen material. Few OEMs were asking for an 8086 version of CP/M.
    It’s hard to justify macOS Tahoe’s icons
    We’ve talked about just how bad Apple’s regular icons have become, but what about the various icons Apple now plasters all over its menus, buttons, and dialogs? They’ve gotten so, so much worse.
    CheriBSD: FreeBSD for CHERI-enabled platforms
    CheriBSD is a Capability Enabled, Unix-like Operating System that extends FreeBSD to take advantage of Capability Hardware on Arm’s Morello and CHERI-RISC-V platforms. CheriBSD implements memory protection and software compartmentalization features, and is developed by SRI International and the University of Cambridge.
    Microsoft quietly kills official way to activate Windows 11/10 without internet
    Up until now, it’s always remained possible to activate Windows offline, by calling a phone number, going through a lengthy phase of entering digits on your phone dialpad, and carefully listening to and entering a string of numbers on the device you’re trying to activate.
    AI and the human condition

    Ben Thompson in AI and the Human Condition:

    Perhaps it follows, then, that the devaluing of labor Patel and Trammell warns about actually frees humans up to once again create beauty?

    A person can dream. (Relevant link: The Youtube video Why is the modern world so ugly? by the Cultural Tutor.)

    On the whole, I'm with Ben on his optimistic take. In a way, it would be posthumous vindication for J.M. Keynes, who thought that the eventual outcome of technological progress would be that we'd all essentially spend our days with close to endless leisure time.1


    1. It's been a while since my economic history studies, so take this claim with a pinch of salt. 

    Desktop Classic System wants to bring some classic Mac OS to MATE and Debian
    Desktop Classic System is an operating system based on Debian and a customized version of the MATE Desktop Environment that hearkens back to, but is not a direct copy of, the classic Mac OS. DCS seeks to provide and sometimes even improve upon the conceptual simplicity offered by the old Macintosh.
    KDE developer onboarding is good now
    KDE developer Herz published a detailed look at the immense amount of work they’ve done cleaning up the developer onboarding documentation for KDE. All that just to say that I’m finally content with the state of beginner onboarding docs in our KDE Developer Platform.
    The scariest boot loader code
    It shouldn’t be surprising that the HP-UX FAQ eventually grew an entry for “how can I make a 712 run headless”. It was possible, and to do it you had to change the firmware “console” path.
    Malcolm in the Middle is coming back!

    Thanks to Robb I came across this teaser trailer confirming that Malcolm in the Middle is coming back.

    I loved the original series. Can't wait for this! Hope the full cast is coming back. Looks promising based on the trailer.

    IceWM 4.0.0 brings alt+tab improvements
    IceWM, the venerable X11 window manager, has released a new version, bumping the version number to 4.0.0. This release brings a big update to the alt+tab feature. The Alt+Tab window switcher can now handle large numbers of application windows in both horizontal and in vertical mode.
    Haiku gets accelerated NVIDIA graphics driver
    The new year isn’t even a day old, and Haiku developer X512 dropped something major in Haiku users’ laps: the first alpha version of an accelerated NVIDIA graphics drivers for Haiku. Supporting at least NVIDIA Turing and Ampere GPUs, it’s very much in alpha state, but does allow for proper GPU acceleration, with the code surely making its way to Haiku builds in the near future.
    Wearables

    Nicolas Solerieu in On wearables:

    The marketing is a mishmash of sport, lifestyle, health value propositions fading in a goodness mush, rarely delivering much beyond a wrist-mounted stream of numbers.

    Couldn't agree more. After a few years of wearing my sports watch 24/7, I realised that the data and the way it was presented did my head in, and had no positive effect on my health and fitness. For the past couple of years I've worn an analogue watch, only switching to my sports watch to track my actual workouts.

    Totals

    Screenshot from the workout log, showing differing totals for year and week in the first week of the year.

    I am unreasonably proud of getting this right in the workout log before actually getting there and seeing that something was off.

    Calendar years and ISO weeks don't really intermingle. Can't wait for the scramble at work on Monday as people start trying to figure out what's what because of this fact.

    HP-UX hits end-of-life today, and I’m sad
    It’s 31 December 2025 today, the last day of the year, but it also happens to mark the end of support for the last and final version of one of my favourite operating systems: HP-UX. Today is the day HPE puts the final nail in the coffin of their long-running UNIX operating system, marking the end of another vestige of the heyday of the commercial UNIX variants, a reign ended by cheap x86 hardware and the increasing popularisation of Linux.
    2025, A Retrospective

    Hey all,

    I'm not dropping this on the actual newsletter feed because it's a little self-indulgent and I'm not sure 88,000 or so people want an email about it.

    If you want to support my work directly, please subscribe to my premium newsletter.
    Out with the old, in with the new

    The last day of the year is coming to a close. As I begin drafting this post, four more hours remain until the year of our lord twenty twenty five is but a memory.

    I didn't plan on writing a "year in review" for this year. Don't get me wrong, I love it when those posts pop up in my feed reader and I wish more people would write them. This was just a particularly ordinary year on my end. There isn't all that much to report.

    But with the four year old in bed and asleep, and the seven year old upstairs playing Minecraft with his mother in an attempt to stay awake until the new year rolls around, I'm suddenly sat in the living room. Alone and with time to spare. So I thought I'd give myself a small challenge. Write and publish a post. Right here, right now, before the year ends. I don't know what it will become. Call it a "word vomit" inspired by Meadow and let's see what comes out.

    It was a another year

    There was absolutely nothing of particular note to report from my 2025. It was a year without big stories, inspirational turnarounds, remarkable comings of age and uncomfortable upheavals. A good thing, in most respects.

    Kids

    Both children continued to prosper and grow. At seven and four, we're now reaching that phase of their lives where they might begin to encounter problems outside the little bubble of the world their mother and I can influence. Parental duties so far have been challenging, yes, but rewarding. When their challenges are "small"1 and manageable, you come a long way by just showing up and being there. At the same time, I know that as they continue to expand their contact surface with the world, they will begin to face challenges beyond our immediate control.

    I can't help but feel ill equipped to guide them through these situations.

    Watching my kids apply themselves to an activity is my favourite thing. Both are active and participate in several activities. The boy plays football and handball, while the girl (despite my continued lobbying that she should start playing football) loves dancing. To see them practice with passion and make headway gives me great joy. I have no aspirations on their behalves, I'm just there for the ups and downs and all that'll teach them.

    Loss

    After battling cancer for over a year, my grandmother passed this fall. It was sad and I miss her. Given she'd been living with cancer for so long, I thought it would lessen the impact of her parting. It didn't. Her passing was also the oldest kid's first real experience with mortality. He was absolutely devastated at her funeral. It was a hard day.

    Savne deg, mor.

    Reading

    As shown in my reading log for 2025, I read 18 books this year.2 Eight of them I read aloud to one of my children. Of those, the Narnia books (which I had been wanting to read for many years) were my favourites. I wrote a post with my thoughts on the series.

    Of the books I read on my own, Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell was a particular highlight. In a post about the book I shared some of my thoughts and my favourite excerpts.

    What I did not write about was the Liveship Traders books. Late last year, I read Ship of Magic before setting aside the trilogy for Wind and Truth (which left me a bit disappointed). I though Ship of Magic was OK, but it really set the scene for the rest of the story. And what a story it was! The Mad Ship was excellent before the trilogy concluded with the even better Ship of Destiny. I think these three books combined is perhaps my favourite work of fantasy writing. If you haven't read them yet, you should! Although they work fine as a stand-alone trilogy, they are part of Robin Hobb's Elderling universe. You'll probably appreciate them even more if you begin with Hobb's Farseer trilogy.

    I only managed to finish two non-fiction books this year. Ray Bradbury's Zen in the Art of Writing (thoughts) and Ceasar by Adrian Goldsworthy. I want to double that next year.

    Physical activity

    Going through my workout log for 2025 I was surprised to find that I had the most active days in a year since I began tracking my workouts in 2017. 312 active days is nine up from the previous high in 2021. My sessions are shorter on average than back then, and total active time of 323 hours is not near the 379 hours of my peak years of 2023 and 2018.

    Although it was a good year of physical activity, I am not quite satisfied. I "only" managed 55 hours of strength training. Now in my forties, I think working a wide range of muscles to reduce age-induced decay will only become more important. An hour a week is a little less than where I want to be.

    I caught the running bug again earlier this year. It should therefore come as no surprise that running, at 244 hours, made up the bulk of my active time. Going out for a run in quiet surroundings, on trails or a back country road, gives me great joy. I'm also acutely aware of the fact that window of opportunity for bettering my personal bests is closing quickly. Realistically, I have three to five years to do it.

    That in mind, I am gearing up for giving improving my personal bests one last go. This year was all about getting back to it. I got back to regular workouts, and increased my volume significantly compared to 2024. However, I'm still around 1500 kilometres behind for the year compared to where I need to be to get close to my PBs. In 2026 I will attempt to get back to that training volume and positioning myself to run a (hopefully) fast marathon in 2027.

    Work

    In 2024 I transitioned to a new role internally. This year was all about fully settling and coming to grips with the expectations and deliverables of this role. It's taken longer than I'd expected, but after a year and a half, I believe I'm starting to get there. The role is quite different to what I'd expected. And, to be frank, it doesn't exactly play to my strengths. The responsibilities are less direct deliverables, and more mediation, meeting room influencing and stakeholder management than I'm comfortable with

    There's a lot to learn and plenty of room to grow in a situation like this. The upside is that the team around me is great. My colleagues keep inspiring me to do my best and evolve my skills to better handle the role. That said, I find it hard to see myself in this role for the long term. If an opportunity that better matches my skill set presents itself, I will consider it. That might happen in 2026, or beyond.

    The end

    The new year is still two hours away. But I'm ready to go to bed. What next year brings will have to wait until tomorrow.

    Happy new year!


    1. As a parent, and a human being in general, I think it's important to remember that what might seem small to you can be mountainous and incomprehensible to a child. Or any other person, for that matter. 

    2. I've also spent more than half the year working my way through Letters from a Stoic. I still have a few letters left. Because I count all books as read in the year that I finish them, it'll show up as read in 2026. 

    loss32: let’s build a Win32/Linux
    I’d just like to interject for a moment. What you’re refering to as Linux, is in fact, Win32/Linux, or as I’ve recently taken to calling it, loss32 Win32 plus Linux. Linux is not an operating system unto itself, but rather another free component of a fully functioning system made useful by WINE, the ReactOS userland, and other vital system components comprising a full OS as defined by Microsoft.
    Windows 2 for the Apricot PC/Xi
    Nina Kalinina has been on an absolute roll lately, diving deep into VisiOn, uncovering Bellcore MGR, installing Linux on a PC-98 machine, and much more. This time, she’s ported Windows 2 to run on a machine it was never supposed to run on.
    What an unprocessed photo looks like
    I knew digital cameras and phones had to do a lot of processing and other types of magic to output anything human eyes can work with, but I had no idea just how much. This is wild.
    The Enshittifinancial Crisis

    Soundtrack: Lynyrd Skynyrd — Free Bird

    This piece is over 19,000 words, and took me a great deal of writing and research.

    Ruslan Osipov in Home is where my stuff is:

    Some of these versions of myself are still relevant. Some aren’t. The hard part isn’t identifying which is which - it’s accepting that letting go of the object means letting go of that version of me. Admitting that I’m not that person anymore. Or that I never became the person I bought that thing for.

    I never became the guitarist I thought that fancy guitar would make me. But I'll never, ever let it go.

    There’s been endless talk online about just how bad Apple’s graphical user interface design has become over the years, culminating in the introduction of Liquid Glass across all of the company’s operating systems this year.
    We’re all familiar with things like marquee and blink, relics of HTML of the past, but there are far more weird and obscure HTML tags you may not be aware of. Luckily, Declan Chidlow at HTMLHell details a few of them so we can all scratch shake our heads in disbelief.